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Background: Oral candidiasis occur as an opportunistic infection. The transition of candida from commensal to pathogen is often associated with immune- compromised chronic renal patients receiving hemodialysis. Candida species identification and differentiation is important for treatment in these patients. Aim: To differentiate candida species present in the oral cavity of chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: A total of 120 individuals with study group (n=60) of chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemo- dialysis (CRF with HD) and control group (n=60) healthy individuals, were studied. Salivary samples were cultured for candida species using Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and CHROM agar culture media, for the growth of candida species in 24, 48 to 72 hours at 37ºC. Colonies were counted and quantitatively expressed as colony forming units/milliliter (CFU). Results: Positive candidal growth was seen on SDA and CHROM agar medium among CRF with HD and Control Groups, can- dida species were present in 55 (91.6%) and absent in 5(8.3%) and 57(95%) and absent 3(5%) in individuals respectively. Can- dida species differentiation in CRF with HD and Control groups were C. albicans (green colonies), C. Kruzei (pink colonies) and C. Tropicalis (blue colonies) were 46(81.6%), 6(10.0%), 2(3.3%) in CRF with HD cases while 45(75%) 11(18.3%) and 0(0%) in control cases respectively. Conclusion: Isolation and differentiation of candida was highly significant (p<0.05) in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis than healthy individuals.
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Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a condition diagnosed in a large proportion of women presenting with complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge. The risk of VVC is high in women with diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, using oral contraceptives or broad-spectrum antibiotics and those having Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.Objective of the present study was to identify the various species of Candida isolated from patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from January to June 2018. A total of 69 clinically suspected VVC cases were included in the study whose high vaginal swabs were collected and subjected to direct microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Creamy white pigmented colonies on SDA were confirmed as Candida by doing Gram抯 staining. Speciation of positive cultures was confirmed by conventional methods like Corn Meal agar culture, Germ tube test (GTT), Candida CHROM Agar Medium (CAM), sugar assimilation and fermentation test.Results: Out of 69 clinically suspected VVC cases included in the study, only 14 cultures were positive for Candida species. All the 14 isolates were found to be Non-albicans Candida (NAC). Most common species isolated were Candida glabrata 7(50%), followed by Candida tropicalis 3(21.4%), Candida lusitaniae 3(21.4%), and Candida parapsilosis 1 (7.1%).Conclusions: Candida albicans was known to be the most common causative agent of VVC as it was isolated in 90% cases. However, this study showed that all isolates from VVC were Non-albicans Candida. Therefore, species identification should be done in all microbiology laboratories for accurate diagnosis of VVC.
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Introduction: The various Candida species have long been associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). These Candidahave assumed significance as emerging pathogen in these TB patients with some degree resistance to antifungal therapy thuscomplicating the disease and its treatment. Early identification of Candida species and instituting appropriate treatment therapyis important in reducing the morbidity and mortality in patients with TB.Aim: The aim is to study trends and prevalence of various Candida coinfection using KB006Hi Candida kit and CHROM agarin pulmonary TB patients and evaluating usefulness of these candida identification kit.Material and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Microbiology at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences,Patna, Bihar, over a period of 1 year in seventy patients of pulmonary TB. Prior Institutional Ethical Committee approval wasalso obtained for this study.Results: Out of a total of 200 patients, 70 patients (35%) whose sputum samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli were includedin the study. Candida coinfection was observed in 26 (37.14%) patients which included 16 male and 10 female patients. Theratio of male to female in Candida infection group was 1.6:1. Candida albicans was the most common isolate among Candidaspecies in pulmonary TB patients which was isolated in 50% of the patients.Conclusion: Candida coinfection in pulmonary TB patient is common, and synergistic growth between Candida species andTB exists. Along with C. albicans, the prevalence of non-albicans species is also increasing with variable degree of resistance.Prompt measures need to be taken for routine identification and treatment of these opportunistic Candida infections in TB patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted infections, and ascending genital tract infection leading to several complications in both pregnant as well as non-pregnant women. It is second to bacterial vaginosis affecting approximately 50–72% of women of reproductive age group. Resistance to antifungal agents has increased during the last decade. Thus, identification of Candida up to species level and its antifungal susceptibility testing is essential in the management of Candidal infections. Aim: To determine the prevalence of various Candida species among vaginal candidiasis and to determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 56 Candida species were isolated from 200 clinical diagnosed cases of vaginitis over 6 months period. Growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar were evaluated according to standard protocol and further processed for Candida speciation on CHROM agar. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the Etest method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 document. Results: Out of 200 vaginitis patients, 56 were positive for Candida species. All the isolates were speciated comprising four species – C. albicans 24 (42.8%), C. krusei 20 (35.7%), C. tropicalis 7 (12.5%), and C. glabrata 5 (8.9%). Antifungal susceptibility testing result of all Candida isolates were Lavanya V, Pavani P, Kailasanatha Reddy B. Speciation and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates from vulvovaginitis patients attending a tertiary care hospital in South India. IAIM, 2019; 6(2): 62-68. Page 63 100% susceptible to amphotericin B, nystatin and voiconazole. C. krusei and C.glabrata isolates were showed 100% resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, C. albicans was most common species followed by C. krusei. Presumptive identification followed by confirmation of Candida species helps to initiate early appropriate antifungal treatment. The relatively higher resistance shown by Non-abicans Candida species to commonly prescribed antifungals (fluconazole and ketoconazole) emphasizes the need for routine antifungal susceptibility testing of all Candida isolates